Because you will often cite a case and other legal materials multiple times in a document, the bluebook has established a short form for use in subsequent citations. The series is now in its second edition, launched in 1962. Citation examples use nonacademic citation format i. Name of the case underlined or italicized and abbreviated according to rule 10. Secondary sources bluebook basics libguides at university of. The example provided in the bluebook in the white pages for amjur is as follows. Page 1 of the bluebook reminds you that the central function of legal citation is to help your reader find the source. In a multivolume book, the volume number is placed to the left of the authors name. The bluebook rules for nonprint sources are outline in rule 17. A b c d e f gh i jk l m n o p qr s t u vwxyz show all. Reading citations finding cases and statutes by citation any reference to any primary law source case or statute has a citation.
The full citation falls in the same general discussion. The bluebook contains sections that detail how to properly reference these varied sources. These include things like interviews, letters, emails, or unpublished works. The following information regarding the bluebook citation format is an adapted version of the style and formatting guidelines found in the bluebook, 20th ed. Secondary sources bluebook citation 101 practitioner format. There are many variables in citing a treatise so definitely consult the rule for its many permutations. Bernadette bollas genetin,the supreme courts new approach to personal jurisdiction, 68 smu l. Citing secondary sources sample bluebook citations. This table can be used for quick reference when determining how to cite a secondary. This page contains abbreviations for some secondary sources you will frequently use in legal research that are not included in the bluebook. A standard book citation consists of the following elements in order. Do not indicate a first edition, only subsequent editions.
American jurisprudence second edition is cited as am. In a few steps, you can create an alr citation like, martha lee, invasion of. Abandoned property, actions is in italics without small caps. Cite to the volume, name of the source, article titlebroad topic this is not the section name it is the title of the main topic within which the section you are citing falls, section number, and year. In academic writing, the author and title are in small caps and the subject e. Restatements use the year of publication not the year of adoption.
Citing a multivolume work on westlaw with one author to a specific section, within a particular volume. Federal courts bluebook guide guides at georgetown law. While you generally will not cite to a legal encyclopedia, rule b15. Each different kind of secondary source has a slightly different set of rules for citation, which will be enumerated below. The basics of legal citation including citation styles bluebook and alwd. American law reports alr is good resources for background, analysis, and citations about law cases, statutes, and other legal details. Legal encyclopedia that provides case citations and cross references to other resources. Some of these citations are bluebook examples, but most are citations found through keyword searches of. The proper bluebook citation for articles appearing in consecutively paginated journals is volume number, abbreviation of the periodical name, first page of the article, and specific pages cited, if any volume. To have your reference list or bibliography automatically made for you, try our free citation generator. Since american jurisprudence is a frequently cited source in legal writing, it falls under bluebook rule 15. Remember that you only cite to a supplement if new text is there. Cjs claims to be comprehensive in its case citations, while amjur only.
How do i cite american jurisprudence in an apa paper. It relies heavily on cases printed in the annotated case series see american law reports in u. The publication manual of the apa does not include citing congressional record. Henry julian abraham, justices, presidents, and senators 29095 5th ed. The bluepages are a guide for practitioners and law clerks to use when citing authority in non academic legal documents. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. This is not a comprehensive citation reference work. Common abbreviations legal citation research guides at. Findlaws hosted excerpts from american jurisprudence 2d are provided courtesy of the publisher of american jurisprudence 2d, the industryleading legal encyclopedia offering unparalleled breadth of coverage of all fields of american law. But it also rests firmly on the evolving practice of judges writing opinions and lawyers writing briefs. The bluepages keep the tradition of underscoring certain text. Topical indexes are located in the last volume of every topic.
Citations are to the 20th edition of the bluebook, a uniform system of citation rule 16. The central function of a legal citation is to allow the reader to efficiently locate the cited source. Secondary sources bluebook citation 101 practitioner. Scan your paper for grammar mistakes and catch unintentional plagiarism. Florida jurisprudence 2d pla 3108 legal research ucf. The main rule that describes the short form for cases is rule 10. Chicago manual of style 16th edition full note american psychological association 6th edition. American jurisprudence american legal encyclopedia. The example provided in the bluebook in the white pages for amjur is as follows elements of citation. The reader will have little trouble locating the full citation. Bluebook format for citing secondary sources citation of books the bluebook has a really strange format for citing books that is a radical departure from scholarly practice in other fields. I am supposed to be using secondary authority and following the blue book guidelines to get the correct. The basic format of a citation is standardized, and generally includes a volume number, an abbreviation of the title of the publication in which the law appears, a page or section number, and a date.
Thus far, this guide has described how to cite cases in long form, i. This practice is not only confusing to nonlawyers, but also ugly. It was originated by lawyers cooperative publishing, which was subsequently acquired by the thomson corporation. Lawrence anthony sullivan, handbook of the law of antitrust 1977. Secondary sources include books, articles, encyclopedias and other nonprimary sources. Use of the permanent edition is advised, except for issues not yet published in it bluebook, 2010, p. Using alr has become the standard for many law papers and citing them can be done with either the bluebook citation or the association of legal writing directors alwd citation. It will be clear to the reader what you are citing. If a journal does not otherwise indicate the volume number but does continuous pagination across issues, use the year as the volume number. Secondary sources bluebook citation 101 academic format. If the article is written by a student author, the designation of the piece see r. Rule 15 in the bluebook explains how to properly cite a book. Citing secondary sources sample bluebook citations libguides.
You may use these abbreviations whenever citing one of these sources for any legal research classes offered at akron law. The bluebook requires that what is used for supreme court cases. Start with the legal encyclopedia for explanations about general principles of law and appropriate references to statutes and cases fl. Article names are not abbreviated and are always italicized. Basics of legal citations introduction to legal citation.
Generally, a citation to a treatise should contain the following elements. Although almost all journal examples cite to westlaw, substitute the word lexis or lexisnexis or lexis advance when citing secondary sources to that database. This new book provides a fresh, innovative approach that enables students to master the bluebook citation rules needed in legal research and writing courses and in legal practice. It combines detailed, yet easytounderstand, explanations and examples of bluebook rules with different types of exercises, which are also available online. Citing an entire book with one author, no specific page, or section. A uniform system of citation is used in place of the apa manual.
Encyclopedias first year legal research guide libguides at. F56 the encyclopedia provides narrative discussion of topics with references to specific cases and statutes in the footnotes. For full access to american jurisprudence 2d, including annotations and citations, please visit your local law library or visit am jur 2d on thomson. A short primer on bluebook citation formats for federal and state cases and statutes, as well as books, journals, and other secondary sources. Supreme court case, you must cite to the official reporter, the united states reports, if the case is published therein table 1, p. For help with other source types, like books, pdfs, or websites, check out our other guides. A42 am jur 2d articles summarize broad principles of u. Keep in mind that westlaw provides an online index for both amjur and. Problems, cases, and materials 2006 when you are citing to a work that has been published by the same publisher more than once, you should cite the edition and the year it was published in. A short primer on bluebook citation formats for federal and state cases and statutes, as well as books, journals.
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